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in vitro
''In vitro'' studies are performed with microorganisms, cells or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test tube experiments", these studies in biology and its sub-disciplines have traditionally been done in test-tubes, flasks, petri dishes ''etc'' and since the onset of molecular biology involve techniques such as the so-called omics. Studies that are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms. In contrast, ''in vivo'' studies are those conducted in animals including humans, and whole plants.
==Definition==
''In vitro'' ((ラテン語:in glass); often not italicized in English) studies are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings, such as microorganisms, cells or biological molecules. For example, microrganisms or cells can be studied in artificial culture medium, proteins can be examined in solutions. Colloquially called "test tube experiments", these studies in biology, medicine and its sub-disciplines are traditionally done in test-tubes, flasks, petri dishes ''etc''. They now involve the full range of techniques used in molecular biology such as the so-called omics.
In contrast, studies conducted in living beings (microorganisms, animals, humans, or whole plants) are called ''in vivo'' .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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